Type Classes in Functional Logic Programming Author’s version for E-Prints Complutense

Type classes provide a clean, modular and elegant way of writing overloaded functions. Functional logic programming languages (FLP in short) like Toy or Curry have adopted the Damas-Milner type system, so it seems natural to adopt also type classes in FLP. However, type classes has been barely introduced in FLP. A reason for this lack of success is that the usual translation of type classes using dictionaries presents some problems in FLP like the absence of expected answers due to a bad interaction of dictionaries with the call-time choice semantics for non-determinism adopted in FLP systems. In this paper we present a type-passing translation of type classes based on type-indexed functions and type witnesses that is well-typed with respect to a new liberal type system recently proposed for FLP. We argue the suitability of this translation for FLP because it improves the dictionary-based one in three aspects. First, it obtains programs which run as fast or faster—with an speedup from 1.05 to 2.30 in our experiments. Second, it solves the mentioned problem of missing answers. Finally, the proposed translation generates shorter and simpler programs.